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Home / Blog / This week on OHIS
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This week on OHIS

MADRID, SPAIN / 08.05.2025

This week on the Olive Health Information System website

The newsletter of the University of Navarra and the IOC dedicated to health

Diet is recognized as a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related diseases. The Mediterranean diet is widely acknowledged as a healthy dietary pattern. It emphasizes plant-based foods and includes olive oil as the primary source of fat. This week’s newsletter highlights studies demonstrating that the Mediterranean diet may help reduce the risk of developing obesity-related disorders.

A cross-sectional study from the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort, which included 1,218 Spanish children aged 3 to 6 years, examined adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its relationship with body composition. Adherence was assessed using validated child-specific tools, including the MED4CHILD questionnaire and the COME-Kids food frequency questionnaire. The findings showed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with lower body fat composition. When evaluating central obesity using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was linked to lower measurements—though these associations were only statistically significant in boys.

Obesity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A study from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC), specifically the the  EPIC-Norfolk cohort, evaluated the effects of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet—both individually and combined—on the incidence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults. The researchers considered both baseline levels and changes over time. The study found that higher levels of these health behaviors during midlife, as well as improvements over time, significantly reduced the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The most significant risk reductions were observed when both behaviors were adopted early and sustained over time. However, adopting a physically active lifestyle and a healthy diet—even later in life—can still lead to meaningful improvements in cardiometabolic health. Importantly, the analysis indicated that combining these behaviors yields synergistic benefits. For example, participants who improved from unfavorable to favorable levels of both behaviors experienced a 53% reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes and a 20% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, those who declined from high to low adherence faced a 37% and 56% increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, respectively.

These findings underscore the potential causal relationship between physical activity, diet quality—especially the Mediterranean diet—and cardiometabolic diseases.

 

Other articles mentioned this week in the OHIS newsletter:

Mediterranean Diet

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and allergic diseases in Korean adults: KNHANES 2013-2016.

Cross-sectional associations between Mediterranean diet and body composition in preschool children. CORAL study.

Metabolomic Signatures Highlight Fiber-Degrading Bacteroides Species in Mediterranean Diet Response Among Ulcerative Colitis.

The association between the Mediterranean Diet and the Prime Diet Quality Score and polycystic ovary syndrome: a case control study.

Impact of Mediterranean diet on mortality in vertebral compression fracture patients.

Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet and Psychological Problems in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients by the Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Malnutrition and Inflammation Markers Approach.


Cancer

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.

 

Metabolic disorders

Combined associations of physical activity, diet quality and their trajectories with incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the EPIC-Norfolk Study.

The link between ultra-processed food consumption, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in older mediterranean adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Comparison of the Effect of Intermittent Fasting with Mediterranean Diet on Glycemic, Lipid, and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

 

Dietary indexes

Food-based indexes and their association with dietary inflammation.

Micronutrients adequacy according to six diet quality indices in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” cohort.

 

Others

Effect of Predominantly Plant-Based Diets on Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

 

 

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