This week on OHIS

This week on the Olive Health Information System website

The newsletter of the University of Navarra and the IOC dedicated to health

Osteoporosis and the fractures associated with it are important public health issues.

Many studies have suggested links between fractures and cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or stroke. In this context, lifestyle-related risk factors, such as physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet, can also significantly influence the risk of fractures. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been linked to increased bone mass and improved bone density, along with a lower occurrence of frailty fractures. In a recent meta-analysis, the impact of adherence to the MD on the risk of hip fractures was evaluated. The results indicated that both high and moderate adherence to the MD were linked to a lower risk of hip fractures. This association was consistent across both men and women. Additionally, the relationship showed a linear dose-response relationship, with each one-point increase in adherence corresponding to a 5.25% decrease in hip fracture risk. These findings support the promotion of the MD enriched with extra virgin olive oil for enhancing bone health.

The MD has also shown a positive impact on the prevention of type 2 diabetes, particularly in Mediterranean and European populations. However, it is still unclear whether these benefits apply to non-Mediterranean populations. In a cohort study involving 12,575 participants without diabetes at baseline, drawn from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), researchers identified an inverse relationship between the MD and the onset of diabetes. Furthermore, this study found that higher intake of fruits, fish, and nuts was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing diabetes. These results provide evidence that the advantages of a MD may also extend to populations outside the Mediterranean region.

Other articles mentioned this week in the OHIS newsletter:

Olive oil

Comparative Analysis on Polyphenolic Composition of Different Olive Mill Wastewater and Related Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracts and Evaluation of Nutraceutical Properties by Cell-Based Studies.

Mediterranean Diet

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and female urinary incontinence: Evidence from the NHANES database.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke in a Chilean population: a case-control study.

Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Steatotic, Alcohol-Related, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Retrospective Analysis.

Mediterranean Diet-Based Sustainable Healthy Diet and Multicomponent Training Combined Intervention Effect on Body Composition, Anthropometry, and Physical Fitness in Healthy Aging.

A Mediterranean dietary pattern intervention does not improve cardiometabolic risk but does improve quality of life and body composition in an Aotearoa New Zealand population at increased cardiometabolic risk: A randomised controlled trial.

Pregnancy

Dietary patterns during pregnancy in relation to maternal dietary intake: The Mutaba’ah Study.

Associations of maternal lifestyle factors with inadequate pregnancy weight gain: findings from the baseline data of the LIMIT prospective cohort study.

Bone health

Nutrition and Osteoporosis Prevention

Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Cognitive and mental health

Associations of Microbiota and Nutrition with Cognitive Impairment in Diseases.

Onset of cognitive impairment, diet quality and adherence to dietary guidelines over 12 years: the Personality and Total Health Cohort Study.

The effects of MIND diet on depression, anxiety, quality of life and metabolic and hormonal status in obese or overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised clinical trial.

Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study.

Chinese-modified MIND Diet and subjective well‑being in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a national community-based cohort study.

Cardiometabolic health

Association between Mediterranean diet adherence and peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An observational study.

Mediterranean diet lowers risk of new-onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study in China.

Does greater adherence to a healthy dietary pattern correspond to a better body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with overweight and primary hypertension? Data from the EXERDIET-HTA study.

Cancer

Cancers attributable to diet in Italy.

Dietary patterns

Dietary patterns among European children and their association with adiposity-related outcomes: a multi-country study.

Healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and sperm quality from the Led-Fertyl study.

Diet quality in young adulthood and sleep at midlife: a prospective analysis in the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Nutritional habits and eating attitude in university students during the last wave of COVID-19 in Spain.

Nutritional interventions

The development and testing of a single-arm feasibility and acceptability study of a whole foods diet intervention for adults with prediabetes and their offspring.